In the context of a government shutdown, various sectors are affected significantly, particularly federal workers and public services. Essential government employees, such as military personnel, border agents, TSA screeners, and FBI agents, are categorized as “excepted” workers and will continue to work without pay. Those employed by the Veterans Health Administration and the U.S. Postal Service will remain paid due to their independent funding structures. Other federal workers who are not essential have been furloughed and will not receive pay during this period; however, they are entitled to back pay once the shutdown ends, as outlined by a law passed in 2019. Government contractors lack the assurance of receiving back pay during such closures.
The impact of the shutdown affects hundreds of thousands of federal employees. According to official government data, various agencies are experiencing different levels of furlough. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) faces the largest impact, with 89% of its staff furloughed, followed by the Departments of Education (87%), Commerce (81%), Labor (76%), and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) at 71%. The Department of Homeland Security has reported only 5% furlough, but most of its workforce remains unpaid until funding resumes.
Travel services remain operational, with air traffic controllers and TSA workers continuing to perform their duties without compensation. While passport and visa services are ongoing, delays may occur if the shutdown persists. Public benefits such as Social Security, Medicare, and food assistance programs will also continue without interruption, though customer service may face delays.
National parks may remain accessible but will have limited services due to reduced staffing. Smithsonian museums can operate through at least October 6 using prior-year funds. Concerns have been raised about the housing market as HUD may suspend essential operations, potentially leading to increased housing challenges. Additionally, consumer protection agencies may struggle to function effectively due to reduced capacity, further impacting consumer rights and protections.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/oct/02/government-shutdown-regular-people-effect