As many Gazans return to their neighborhoods following a ceasefire, the reality of widespread destruction is apparent. The United Nations estimates that reconstruction efforts could face costs around $70 billion due to the extensive damage, which is reported to be up to 84% in some areas, rising to 92% in Gaza City, according to Jaco Cilliers from the UN Development Programme. Assessments suggest that there could be over 60 million tonnes of debris requiring removal, which complicates the initial phase of post-conflict rebuilding.
The rubble encompasses not only structural debris but also human remains and unexploded ordnance, marking the immediate need for safety measures. Experts indicate that identifying and safely managing these sites is crucial before further clearing can occur. Materials extracted from the debris may be repurposed, but significant importation of construction materials will likely be necessary, which raises questions about logistics and infrastructure support.
In addition to housing, restoring essential services such as water and sanitation is critical. UNICEF estimates that more than 70% of the area’s water and sanitation facilities have sustained damage since October 2023. The destruction of wastewater treatment plants poses a heightened risk of diseases like cholera, as confirmed by local health officials.
The electricity supply in Gaza has also faced severe disruptions, with more than 80% of power generation and distribution assets reported as destroyed or non-operational. Limited electricity has raised challenges for essential services, which now rely on damaged infrastructure and generators.
Furthermore, agricultural losses have been severe, with more than 82% of annual crops impacted, exacerbating food insecurity. Around half of Gaza’s population is under 18, making the rebuilding of educational facilities, heavily affected by the war, essential for any return to normalcy. Institutions such as the UN relief agency UNRWA have indicated that nearly all school buildings require significant repairs or complete reconstruction.
Understanding the complex and daunting nature of the recovery process will be vital in guiding future efforts and ensuring the effective restoration of the region.
Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr5e4ee9r13o?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=rss