HIV strains in India resist some top broadly neutralising antibodies

In 1994, a significant study published in Science identified an antibody named b12 from an HIV-infected individual, demonstrating its ability to neutralize multiple HIV variants effectively. This discovery sparked interest in broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which have the potential to combat the diverse strains of HIV that existing treatments struggle to address. Over the years, numerous bNAbs have been discovered, but their efficacy has been limited due to the extensive genetic variability of HIV.

Researchers have explored using combinations of bNAbs to minimize the risk of viral escape, particularly given that HIV can remain dormant within cells. A recent study led by Jayanta Bhattacharya, published in the Journal of Virology, analyzed the effectiveness of 14 bNAbs against contemporary HIV variants in India and South Africa. The findings revealed regional differences in which bNAbs were most effective, such as Indian strains being more sensitive to antibodies targeting the V3 glycan and CD4 binding site, while being resistant to others.

Based on these results, the study proposed a new combination of three bNAbs—BG18, N6, and PGDM1400—aimed at effectively neutralizing a high percentage of Indian HIV-1 strains. The research underlines the necessity for region-specific strategies in HIV treatment and prevention to address the unique challenges posed by the virus’s genetic diversity.

Published – September 14, 2025 05:30 am IST