Brazil is set to propose a significant increase in global utilization of “sustainable fuels,” focusing particularly on biofuels, biogas, and hydrogen, at the upcoming Cop30 climate conference. A draft document highlights Brazil’s intention to urge world leaders to quadruple the use of these fuels over the next decade compared to 2024 levels.
As the second-largest producer of ethanol, Brazil asserts that biofuels can effectively replace fossil fuels and contribute positively to climate and environmental goals. However, this viewpoint is contested by environmental experts who argue that biofuel production can lead to increased deforestation, the degradation of biodiverse ecosystems, and a reduction in land available for food production. A recent study indicated that biofuels currently produce 16% more CO₂ emissions than the fossil fuels they replace due to indirect impacts linked to farming and deforestation.
The leaked document outlines that the increased biofuel production should derive from environmentally sustainable sources. Concerns are raised by various stakeholders regarding the potential land requirements for biofuel crops, with estimates suggesting that by 2030, these crops may require land equal to that of France. Furthermore, the usage of vegetable oils for biofuels instead of food, along with the significant water consumption for biofuel production, raises additional red flags.
On the agenda for the leaders’ summit in Belém, Brazil, discussions will likely cover energy transitions and the commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement. Brazil’s foreign affairs ministry clarified that the proposal is not a directive for countries to individually quadruple biofuel production but seeks global support for this ambitious goal, reflecting findings from an International Energy Agency report which emphasizes the necessity of such increases to mitigate emissions in challenging sectors.
The proposal has generated divided opinions, with some leaders expressing concern over its impact on ecosystems and food security, while others, including Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, advocate for the commitment to transitioning away from fossil fuels in conjunction with sustainable fuel initiatives.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/oct/16/brazil-ask-countries-quadruple-biofuel-use-leak-suggests