Adherence Support May Improve Viral Suppression in Incarcerated Patients With HIV

A recent study indicates that a significant portion of individuals with HIV who spent more than seven days in jail or detention in the past year experience challenges in achieving sustained viral suppression (SVS). The study highlights the need for improved support mechanisms for these individuals post-release. As of 2023, there are approximately 12,460 inmates with HIV in U.S. correctional facilities, reflecting a prevalence of 1.1% compared to 0.3% in the general population.

Maintaining SVS post-incarceration is complicated by various social conditions, including inadequate access to healthcare and housing, as well as mental health disorders. Data from the Medical Monitoring Project collected from 2015 to 2022 indicates that around 70% of recently incarcerated individuals did not achieve SVS after their release. The study involved 1,012 individuals, with demographic indicators showing a predominance of non-Hispanic Black individuals and a high percentage of men. Notably, younger age groups and those released within the last six months showed even lower rates of SVS.

While individuals with SVS were found to be more likely to engage in antiretroviral therapy and maintain care, the study identified limitations, including potential biases in self-reported data and a lack of longitudinal causation insights.

• Why it matters: Improved post-release healthcare support may enhance treatment outcomes and social reintegration for individuals with HIV.
• The study underscores a critical need for targeted healthcare interventions for at-risk populations, particularly the younger demographic.