Since the 1940s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as “forever chemicals,” have been utilized in various manufacturing processes due to their resistance to water, stains, and heat. These chemicals are found in items such as food packaging, nonstick cookware, outdoor gear, and certain textiles, including absorbent clothing. Additionally, a subset of PFAS is integral to the production of lithium-ion batteries and is becoming more prevalent in computer chip manufacturing, an industry seeing a resurgence in the U.S.
PFAS are termed “forever chemicals” due to their robust molecular structure that prevents breakdown, allowing them to persist in the environment and within the human body for extended periods. Most Americans are believed to have trace amounts of these substances in their bloodstream, primarily due to contaminated food, drinking water, or proximity to PFAS-producing facilities. Health studies have associated certain PFAS with various health issues, including cancers, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol levels.
In response to growing health concerns, numerous lawsuits have prompted companies like 3M and DuPont to commit to phasing out certain PFAS. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports significant declines in blood levels of specific PFAS over recent decades due to reduced usage. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also set limits on several PFAS in drinking water.
Despite these measures, challenges remain, as there are thousands of different types of PFAS and new alternatives may also pose health risks. Recent regulatory actions under the Trump administration include proposed rollbacks of PFAS drinking water standards, raising concerns among environmental advocates regarding potential risks to public health and safety, particularly as the push for domestic semiconductor manufacturing continues. As companies like Chemours prepare to expand their operations, questions concerning environmental impacts and community safety persist.
Source: https://www.theverge.com/the-stepback-newsletter/772845/computer-chips-forever-chemicals