Artificial intelligence (AI) is frequently criticized for its substantial energy consumption and potential negative environmental impact. However, some advocates at the recent UN climate summit in Belém, Brazil, propose that AI could serve as a solution rather than a contributor to climate issues. They argue that AI might lower emissions through efficiencies across various sectors, including food, transportation, and energy.
During the summit, a coalition comprising various groups, UN bodies, and the Brazilian government introduced the AI Climate Institute. This initiative aims to utilize AI as a tool to assist developing countries in tackling environmental challenges. Supporters believe that the program could educate nations on employing AI effectively to reduce emissions, particularly through improved public transit, agricultural organization, and energy grid management. Enhanced weather forecasting capabilities, including the prediction of climate-related disasters such as floods and wildfires, are also anticipated benefits.
Despite these optimistic views, there are significant concerns about the environmental consequences of AI technology. Critics point to the extensive computational power required for AI, especially generative AI, which is leading to the expansion of data centers that consume vast amounts of electricity and water. A recent Cornell University study estimates that the growth of AI in the US could add approximately 44 million tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by 2030, equivalent to the emissions from 10 million gasoline cars.
Opponents emphasize that while AI has potential applications for improving efficiency and lowering emissions, it could equally support fossil fuel production. This duality raises questions about whether AI can truly be a force for good in the climate crisis. Environmental advocates argue that systemic changes, such as phasing out fossil fuels, are more critical for addressing climate change than reliance on AI technologies. The contrast between the optimistic potential of AI for climate action and its associated environmental costs remains a contentious issue in the ongoing debate surrounding AI’s role in sustainability.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/nov/17/ai-climate-crisis-cop30